K2™ Specifications

Measurements (Steady-State Fluorescence)

• Corrected excitation and emission spectra
• Excitation-emission matrices
• Polarization (anisotropy) measurements
• Millisecond kinetics in photon counting mode
• Dual-wavelength-ratiometric excitation or emission measurements

Measurements (Time-Resolved Fluorescence)

• Multiple decay times from millisecond to picosecond time scale
• Anisotropy decays
• Phase- and modulation-resolved spectra (up to 3 components in a mixture)
• Time-resolved spectra

Light Sources

• 300 W xenon arc lamp, 45 mW/nm brightness at 275 nm
• Laser diodes
• Light emitting diodes (LEDs)
• Continuous wave lasers (argon-ion, krypton-ion, helium-cadmium, etc.)
• Mode-locked lasers (Ti:Sapphire)
• Synchrotron light beams

Monochromators

• Single concave holographic grating

  Wavelength range: from 200 nm to 1200 nm (dependent on selected grating)
  Wavelength accuracy: ±0.2 nm
  Wavelength reproducibility: ±0.25 nm
  Slew rate: 160 nm/s

• Optional: double grating

Focusing and Collection Geometry

• Parallel beam design for precise polarization measurements

Polarizers

• UV-grade Glan-Thompson, 10x10 mm, L/A=2.0
• UV-grade Glan-Thompson, 14x14 mm, L/A=2.0
• UV-grade Glan-Taylor, 10x10 mm, L/A=2.0 (for high power lasers)

Detectors

• Selected side-on photomultiplier tubes in room-temperature or cooled housing (for frequency response up to 800 MHz)
• Microchannelplate detectors (for frequency response > 800 MHz)
• Optional: CCD camera

Detection Modes

• Photon counting electronics, 10 KHz, on 3 independent channels
• Analog Output on 3 channels

Frequency-Response

• From DC up to 10 GHz

Frequency Synthesizers

• Marconi Instruments
• Programmed Test Sources
• Gigatronics
• Hewlett Packard

Light Modulation

• Wide aperture Pockels cell (for lamp and cw lasers) up to 350 MHz
• Direct modulation (for laser diodes and LEDs) up to 700 MHz
• Harmonic content of pulsed sources up to 10 GHz

Pre-Amplifier Discriminators

• 100 MHz bandwidth, TTL output

Dynamic Range

• Linear up to 4 million counts/second

Lifetime Measurements Range

• From 100 millisecods to 20 picoseconds (depending upon the model; the shortest measurable decay time is determined by the light detectors frequency response)

Computer and Operating System

• Intel-type CPU, Windows XP operating system

Power Requirements

• Universal power input: 110-240 V, 50/60 Hz, 400 VAC

Dimensions

• 885 mm (L) x 600 mm (W) x 330 mm (H)

Weight

• 45 kg

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